reagentUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedReagent property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedReagent

schema:SoftwareApplication
type: Class
comment: A software application.
subclass of: DigitalObject
equivalent class: Software

intendedUseCase
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The context in which this model is intended to be used.
domain: MLModel
range: string

Reference
type: Class
comment: A Reference is a bibliographic record. References are Representations which represent and attribute archived digital or bibliographic objects, including Articles, Datasets, and Software.
subclass of: DigitalObject

usedSoftware
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedSoftware is a subproperty of used where domain is Computation and range is Software.
domain: Computation
range: Software
sub property of: used

Experiment
type: Class
comment: An experiment is an activity where samples are treated with reagents and analyzed using instruments.
subclass of: prov:Activity

directlyChallengedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of directlyChallenges property.
sub property of: challengedBy
inverse of: directlyChallenges

schema:contentUrl
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Actual bytes of the object, for example the data file or image file or video file.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string
equivalent property: contentUrl

additionalDocumentation
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Any additional information of the item that may be useful.
domain: Class
  union of: Computation
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: Datatype
  union of: anyURI
  union of: string

associateFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of associatedWith property.
sub property of: directlySupports
inverse of: associatedWith

supports
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: The supports property is a transitive relation between DigitalObjects entailed by its subproperty, directlySupports, which is non-transitive. In EvidenceGraphs, if A supports B, then the correctness (truth value) of A provides a warrant for belief in the correctness (truth value) of B.
domain: DigitalObject
range: DigitalObject

prov:Agent
type: Class
comment: An Agent is an autonomous Entity. Persons and Organizations are Agents in EVI. Agents may be associatedWith Activities, and Entities may be attributedTo Agents.
subclass of: prov:Entity

Claim
type: Class
comment: A Claim is a declarative sentence or assertion. Claims are defeasible.
subclass of: DigitalObject

Software
type: Class
comment: Software is a specific set of computer-interpretable instructions to perform one or more Computations.
subclass of: DigitalObject

mlModelUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedMLModel property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedMLModel

Computation
type: Class
comment: Computation is an Activity performed on a Dataset with the help of a Software.
subclass of: prov:Activity

Instrument
type: Class
comment: An Instrument is an entity such as a tool, device or equipment that is used in an experiment to perform measurements or manipulations, observations, or other actions.
subclass of: prov:Entity

createdBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A prov:Agent is a creator of a prov:Entity if it is createdBy the Agent.
domain: DigitalObject
domain: prov:Entity
range: prov:Agent
sub property of: directlySupportedBy

schema:keywords
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Keywords or tags used to describe some item. Multiple textual entries in a keywords list are typically delimited by commas, or by repeating the property.
domain: Class
  union of: Computation
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string

schema:SoftwareSourceCode
type: Class
comment: Computer programming source code. Example: Full (compile ready) solutions, code snippet samples, scripts, templates.
subclass of: DigitalObject
equivalent class: Software

indirectlyChallenges
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The indirectlyChallenges property establishes a relation between instances of DigitalObjects when one indirectly challenges the other entailed by property chaining.
domain: DigitalObject
range: DigitalObject
sub property of: challenges
property chain axiom: directlyChallenges
property chain axiom: supports

Schema
type: Class
comment: A semi-structured interpretation of instances of DigitalObjects that can help comprehend the content.
subclass of: DigitalObject

inputSize
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The expected input size or shape the model is designed to receive and process at one time. For example, image classificatoin models such as ResNet, VGG commonly use 224x224 pixels with 3 channels while Language Models such as BERT, GPT use tokens or context length from thousand to millions.
domain: MLModel
range: string

derivedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A derivation is a transformation of a prov:Entity into another, an update of a prov:Entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new prov:Entity based on a pre-existing prov:Entity.
domain: prov:Entity
range: prov:Entity
sub property of: directlySupportedBy
inverse of: derivedTo

ROCrate
type: Class
comment: An approach to packaging research data with their metadata.
subclass of: Package

indirectlyChallengedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of indirectlyChallenges property.
sub property of: challengedBy
inverse of: indirectlyChallenges

serviceUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedService property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedService

schema:version
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The version of the DigitalObject.
range: string

usedSample
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedSample is a subproperty of used where domain is Experiment and range is Sample.
domain: Experiment
range: Sample
sub property of: used

schema:identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links.
range: anyURI

schema:name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The name of the item.
domain: Thing
range: string

challenges
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The challenges property is entailed by property chain rule when a DigitalObject A either directly challenges another DigitalObject B, or indirectlyChallenges B by challenging a DigitalObject which supports it.
domain: DigitalObject
range: DigitalObject

schema:dateModified
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date when the item was modifed last.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: dateTime

EvidenceGraph
type: Class
comment: An EvidenceGraph is a directed acyclic graph Ev = (Rn, r+, r-) where Rn is a set of Representations, r+ ∈ RnXRn is a set of supports relations, r- ∈ RnXRn is a set of challenge relations, and R+∩R- = Φ. EvidenceGraphs are bipolar argumentation frameworks (Cayrol & Lagasquie-Schiex, 2009) represented as RDF named graphs.
subclass of: DigitalObject

hasSchema
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The hasSchema property describes the content-level schema of a Dataset.
domain: Dataset
range: Schema
inverse of: schemaFor

containedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of contains property.
inverse of: contains

softwareUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedSoftware property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedSoftware

schema:Dataset
type: Class
comment: A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest.
subclass of: DigitalObject
equivalent class: Dataset

datasetUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedDataset property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedDataset

schema:startTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
domain: Computation
range: dateTime

prov:Entity
type: Class
comment: An Entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects.

generated
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of generatedBy property.
sub property of: directlySupports
inverse of: generatedBy

usedReagent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedReagent is a subproperty of used where domain is Experiment and range is Reagent.
domain: Experiment
range: Reagent
sub property of: used

directlyChallenges
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The directlyChallenges property establishes a relation between instances of DigitalObjects A and B when A asserts that B is wrong or deficient. It is non-transitive, entailing indirectlyChallenges properties on DigitalObjects supportedBy the DigitalObject it directlyChallenges, via a property chain rule.
domain: DigitalObject
range: DigitalObject
sub property of: challenges

prov:Activity
type: Class
comment: An Activity is a process by which an Entity is produced, modified, consumed or used.

prov:SoftwareAgent
type: Class
comment: A Service is considered a SoftwareAgent that can be invoked and executed. A Software is different from SoftwareAgent in the context that it can be downloaded.
subclass of: prov:Agent

parametersCount
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The number of variables a model learns during training. For current LLM models, this number ranges from millions to trillions that determines the performance and complexity of these models.
domain: MLModel
range: string

packages
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Instances of software can be packaged by the instances of containers.
domain: Container
range: Software

schema:fileFormat
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Media type, typically MIME format (see IANA site) of the content e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations, 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular fileFormat information. Unregistered or niche file formats can be indicated instead via the most appropriate URL, e.g. defining Web page or a Wikipedia entry.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string

schema:datePublished
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Date when the item was first published.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: dateTime

usedInstrument
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedInstrument is a subproperty of used where domain is Experiment and range is Instrument.
domain: Experiment
range: Instrument
sub property of: used

Reagent
type: Class
comment: A Reagent is an entity such as chemical substance or biological material that is used to initiate reactions in an experiment.
subclass of: prov:Entity

created
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of createdBy property.
sub property of: directlySupports
inverse of: createdBy

associatedPublication
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Refenrece to the publications where the item or its relevant information can be discovered.
domain: Class
  union of: Computation
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: Datatype
  union of: anyURI
  union of: string

Dataset
type: Class
comment: A body of structured information describing some topic(s) of interest.
subclass of: DigitalObject

schema:license
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: Datatype
  union of: anyURI
  union of: string

framework
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The machine learning framework used to create the model (e.g., PyTorch, TensorFlow).
domain: MLModel
range: string

prov:Person
type: Class
comment: A Person is a human Agent.
subclass of: prov:Agent

usedDataset
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedDataset is a subproperty of used where domain is Computation and range is Dataset.
domain: Computation
range: Dataset
sub property of: used

associatedWith
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A prov:Agent that has some responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity is associatedWith the prov:Activity.
domain: prov:Activity
range: prov:Agent
sub property of: directlySupportedBy

schema:Organization
type: Class
comment: An organization such as a school, NGO, corporation, club, etc.
subclass of: prov:Agent
equivalent class: prov:Organization

schema:Service
type: Class
comment: A service provided by an organization, e.g. delivery service, print services, etc
subclass of: prov:SoftwareAgent
equivalent class: Service

representedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of represents property.
inverse of: represents

sampleUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedSample property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedSample

schema:endTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
domain: Computation
range: dateTime

publicationVenue
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The (digital/physical) name where the item was published.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string

schema:dateCreated
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Date when the item was created.
domain: Dataset
range: dateTime

schema:title
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The title of a Thing.
range: string

describes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The describes property is used when a Method, generally composed with a block of text, narrates a prov:Activity that takes place.
domain: Method
range: prov:Activity

usedMLModel
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedModel is a subproperty of used where domain is Computation and range is MLModel. This is common in fine-tuning or inference tasks.
domain: Computation
range: MLModel
sub property of: used

contains
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Instances of DigitalObjects may contain instances of other DigitalObjects.
domain: DigitalObject
range: DigitalObject

used
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An Activity used an Entity, when the Entity (such as a Dataset or a Software) was instrumental in enabling that Activity to occur.
domain: prov:Activity
range: prov:Entity
sub property of: directlySupportedBy
inverse of: usedBy

directlySupports
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The directlySupports property is a non-transitive version of supports, a subproperty of supports. directlySupports is a superproperty of the properties attributed (inverse of attributedTo), derived (inverse of derivedFrom), associated (inverse of associatedWith), used, and generated (inverse of generatedBy).
sub property of: supports

packagedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of packages property.
inverse of: packages

Container
type: Class
comment: A container is a digital object that can be defined as packages of software. Instances of containers are accompanied by all necessary dependencies such as specific versions, runtime environment and required libraries for execution.
subclass of: DigitalObject

generatedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Generation is the completion of production of a new prov:Entity by a prov:Activity. This entity did not exist before generation and becomes available for usage after this generation.
domain: prov:Entity
range: prov:Activity
sub property of: directlySupportedBy

schema:author
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The author of the content.
range: string

MLModel
type: Class
comment: An MLModel is a computational model that has been trained on data to perform a specific task. It is a digital object that captures the learned parameters and architecture resulting from a machine learning training process (Computation).
subclass of: DigitalObject

represents
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A DigitalObject represents an Entity or any of its features or feature sets.
domain: DigitalObject
range: prov:Entity

terms:creator
type: AnnotationProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An entity responsible for making the resource. Examples of a creator include a person, an organization, or a service i.e. a SoftwareAgent. Typically, the name of a creator should be used to indicate the entity.
domain: DigitalObject
range: prov:Agent

contentUrl
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The location or URL of the content.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string

DigitalObject
type: Class
comment: A DigitalObject is an Entity which represents another Entity. DigitalObjects are always attributedTo an Agent, their creator, contributor, influencer or to an Activity they were generatedBy.
subclass of: prov:Entity

Service
type: Class
comment: A Service is an Activity accessed online, which executes a Computation.
subclass of: prov:SoftwareAgent

instrumentUsedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of usedInstrument property.
sub property of: usedBy
inverse of: usedInstrument

usedService
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The property usedService is a subproperty of used where domain is Computation and range is Service.
domain: Computation
range: Service
sub property of: used

schema:contentSize
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: File size in (tera/giga/mega/kilo) bytes.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: long

schemaFor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of hasSchema property.

Article
type: Class
comment: An Article is a (typically compound) textual document conveying a set of Claims and other DigitalObjects. Among these, an Article in EVI always conveys an assertion of its authorship in the form of a bibliographic self-reference.
subclass of: DigitalObject

derivedTo
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of derivedFrom property.
sub property of: directlySupports

challengedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of challenges property.
inverse of: challenges

describedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of describes property.
inverse of: describes

Sample
type: Class
comment: A sample is an entity such as a biological/physical specimen or material that is being tested in an experiment.
subclass of: prov:Entity

supportedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The supportedBy property is a transitive relation between DigitalObjects.
inverse of: supports

schema:Claim
type: Class
comment: A Claim in Schema.org represents a specific, factually-oriented claim that could be the itemReviewed in a ClaimReview. The content of a claim can be summarized with the text property. Variations on well known claims can have their common identity indicated via sameAs links, and summarized with a name. Ideally, a Claim description includes enough contextual information to minimize the risk of ambiguity or inclarity. In practice, many claims are better understood in the context in which they appear or the interpretations provided by claim reviews. Beyond ClaimReview, the Claim type can be associated with related creative works - for example a ScholaryArticle or Question might be about some Claim. At this time, Schema.org does not define any types of relationship between claims. This is a natural area for future exploration.
subclass of: DigitalObject
equivalent class: Claim

state
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Textual representation of a claim
domain: Claim
range: string

usedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Reverse of used property.
sub property of: directlySupports

schema:description
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A description of the item.
domain: Thing
range: string

schema:runtime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Runtime platform or script interpreter dependencies (example: Java v1, Python 2.3, .NET Framework 3.0).

EVI: Evidence Graph Ontology
type: Ontology
type: NamedIndividual
contributor: jniestroy
contributor: mlev71
created: 2020-07-27
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-7360
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4647-3877
description: The Evidence Graph ontology extends core concepts from the W3C Provenance Ontology PROV-O and Bioschemas' Profiles to describe evidence for correctness of findings in biomedical publications. The semantic data model in EVI is expressed using OWL2 Web Ontology Language (OWL2).
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
modified: 2025-12-05
preferred namespace prefix: evi
preferred namespace uri: http://w3id.org/EVI
prior version: 1.2
version IRI: https://w3id.org/EVI/1.3
version IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl
version info: 1.3

Image
type: Class
comment: An Image is a visual representation of structured or unstructured data produced digitally.
subclass of: Dataset

directlySupportedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The use of directlySupportedBy property is intended to establish a direct relation between instances of DigitalObjects.
sub property of: supportedBy
inverse of: directlySupports

schema:encodingFormat
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The format of the item in question encoded into.
domain: Class
  union of: Dataset
  union of: Software
range: string

modelType
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The type or category of the machine learning model (e.g., Classification, Regression, Generative).
domain: MLModel
range: string

hasBias
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Any issue of a model that may consistently deviate its outcome to be incorrect or unfair.
domain: MLModel
range: string

schema:Person
type: Class
comment: A person (alive, dead, undead, or fictional).
subclass of: prov:Agent
equivalent class: prov:Person

Method
type: Class
comment: A descriptive recipe describing how a Representation is made or obtained. It describes an Activity, and may referTo some Material as a component of the recipe.
subclass of: DigitalObject

modelFormat
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The file format of the model (e.g., ONNX, HDF5, Pickle).
domain: MLModel
range: string

Package
type: Class
comment: Metadata associated with digital resources that may be packaged together or referenced.
subclass of: DigitalObject

prov:Organization
type: Class
comment: An Organization is a social or legal institution with structure and purpose such as a company, society, university, sports team, etc.
subclass of: prov:Agent

schema:Article
type: Class
comment: An article, such as a news article or piece of investigative report. Newspapers and magazines have articles of many different types and this is intended to cover them all.
subclass of: DigitalObject
equivalent class: Article